Roof measurement glossary: facets, pitch, eaves, hips, valleys and more

Every term a roof measurement report uses, defined the way RoofQuery measures it. Areas, pitch, the ten edge types, derived values and file formats, with the matching API field for each.

How it works Last updated Markdown

These are the terms that appear on a RoofQuery PDF and in the JSON that comes with every order. The edge categories are the normalized names RoofQuery uses, so a number you read on the report can be found in the API response under the same name. The field reference is under report data in the docs.

Areas and counts

Facet
One roof plane. A simple gable roof has two facets; a complex hip roof with dormers can have thirty. facetCount in the API.
Total area
The sloped surface area of all roof planes added up, in square feet. This is what material is ordered against. totalAreaSqFt.
Square
The roofing unit: 100 square feet of roof surface. A 2,400 square foot roof is 24 squares. totalSquares.
Estimated attic area
The sloped area projected back to horizontal. Useful for ventilation and insulation sizing, not a measured floor area. estimatedAtticSqFt.
Structure
One building on the property: the house, a detached garage, a shed. Each is measured separately with the same fields, and totals is the sum across all of them. Structures are ordered by roof area, largest first.

Pitch

Pitch
Roof slope, written as rise over a 12-inch run. A 6/12 roof rises six inches for every foot of horizontal distance. Flat roofs are reported as flat.
Predominant pitch
The pitch covering the most roof area. predominantPitch.
Pitch areas
Roof area at each pitch, which is what steep-slope labour is priced from. pitchAreas. Measured slopes are snapped to a reporting ladder of 0, ¼, ½ and whole numbers so the PDF and the JSON round the same way.

The ten edge types

RoofQuery reports every edge under one of ten categories. All ten are always present in edgeTotals, zero-filled when absent, each with a length in feet and a count.

Eave
The lower horizontal edge of a roof plane, where gutters hang. Drip edge and starter strip are ordered against eave length.
Rake
The sloped edge of a gable end, running from eave to ridge. Also takes drip edge.
Ridge
The horizontal top edge where two planes meet. Ridge cap and ridge vent are ordered against it.
Hip
The sloped external corner where two planes meet, running down from a ridge. Takes hip cap. hipsAndRidgesLengthFt gives hips and ridges together, because cap is ordered against the pair.
Valley
The sloped internal corner where two planes meet and water collects. Needs valley flashing or ice and water shield.
Step flashing
Where a sloped roof edge meets a vertical wall, flashed one shingle course at a time. Dormer sides and chimney sides.
Wall flashing
Where a horizontal roof edge meets a vertical wall, such as the top of a lean-to against the house.
Parapet
The run of parapet wall along a roof edge, typical on flat commercial roofs. Reported as its own category because it is capped and flashed differently from every other edge.
Bend
A pitch transition: the line where two different slopes meet on what is otherwise one plane, as on a gambrel or mansard roof.
Other
Anything that does not fit the nine above.

Derived values

Total edge length
Every edge added up. totalEdgeLengthFt. Edges shared between adjacent faces are counted once per structure.
Complexity
simple, normal or complex, derived from facet count and total hip plus valley run. Many contractors apply a labour multiplier by complexity.
Waste factor
Extra material ordered beyond the measured area to cover cuts and offcuts. The RoofQuery PDF prints a waste calculation on the summary page; the percentage you apply is your own.

Report formats

PDF
The readable report, white-labeled with your branding, rendered at download time. See how white-label branding works.
XML
The raw measurement document: points, lines and faces. Carries no branding.
ESX
Xactimate's estimate file. See what is an ESX file.
Diagrams
Four drawings per structure and for the whole property: outline, area, pitch and lengths. SVG or PNG.

For industry definitions beyond measurement, the National Roofing Contractors Association publishes the reference manuals most North American contractors work from.

Frequently asked questions

What is a roofing square?

100 square feet of roof surface. Roofing material is sold and priced by the square, so a 2,400 square foot roof is a 24-square job before waste.

What is the difference between a hip and a valley?

Both are sloped lines where two roof planes meet. A hip is an external corner that sheds water outward and takes cap. A valley is an internal corner that collects water and needs flashing.

What is a parapet on a roof report?

A low wall that extends above the roof surface along its edge, common on flat commercial roofs. RoofQuery reports parapet run as its own edge category because it is capped and flashed differently.

Try it on a real roof

Create an account, generate a sandbox key, and order against the test addresses. Real webhooks, real XML, real PDFs, nothing charged.